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This essay is the continuation of Computing Machinery and Intelligence by A. M. Turing. In the Imitation Game section, Turing replaced the original question with which the article began, i.e., “Can machines think?”. This question got replaced by other questions, such as: Will the interrogator decide wrongly as often when the game is played between…

Alan Mathison Turing was born on 23 June 1912 in London. He is famously known for the Imitation Game and the Turing test. Although Turing never labelled himself as a philosopher, when he published his 1950 paper, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” he ended up giving a fresh perspective on the traditional mind-body problem. This work…

Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus is a book written by Ludwig Wittgenstein. The section below will discuss the book’s preface. Wittgenstein begins the preface of Tractatus by stating that this book is for only those who have already thought the thoughts revealed in it. Then, he moves on to talk about the aim of the book. Tractatus deals…

Have you ever wondered why René Descartes called his 1641 work ‘Meditations on First Philosophy’? It became lucid only with his later published work, Principles of Philosophy (1644), what he meant by ‘first philosophy’. In the preface of Principles of Philosophy, he talks about a metaphor. He says, “The whole of philosophy is like a tree…

The school of Materialism in India is ancient and likely arose as a protest against the excessive asceticism of Brahmana priests. Although it favoured enjoying the pleasures of life, Charvaka’s metaphysics never found approval in the Indian context. There are a few views suggesting how this school got its name. According to one view, Charvaka…